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This study represents, so far, the first comprehensive investigation of Peruvian shark fishery research. Our 2012 study amongst individuals with diagnosed hypertension in the municipalities of Cardenas and Santiago documented that 91% were on pharmacological treatment but only 58% had controlled hypertension . Appraisal of the population’s representations regarding hypertension documented unsatisfactory knowledge of hypertension management, self-care requirements, and potential complications. Audits of family doctors’ clinical records and assessment of the quality of the provided care uncovered significant gaps in the PHC staff’s clinical performance and poor adherence to the national guidelines for hypertension management clinical inertia, and inadequate prescription of anti-hypertensive drugs.
- This number includes staff present at the start and possible substitutes for family doctors posted elsewhere or participating in international missions who were trained in September 2013.
- The procedure shall provide for an accused to be informed without delay of the particulars of the offence alleged against him and shall afford the accused before and during his trial all necessary rights and means of defence.”
- Overexploitation and bycatch imperils sharks (Baum et al., 2003; Camhi et al., 2008; Ferretti et al., 2008; Ward & Myers, 2005).
- The database is anonymous and does not allow the inmates to be identified.
- By contributing in this way to defusing social tensions, the courts of law will contribute to enhancing security not only at the national but also at the international level, since internal tensions often have a dangerous spillover effect across borders.
- These topics are mentioned but not given the depth of discussion that they deserve.
Although generally well-organized and structured, in parts the manuscript itself reads more like a report. More critical interpretation of the data is required and careful consideration should be given to the information that is presented. Quantitative analyses are carried out to identify statistically significant trends in the landings data and these seem fairly arbitrary and uninformative. A more useful approach would be to spend more time researching what the historical factors causing these trends are (e.g. economic, market, policy, reporting) and explaining them qualitatively.
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This rule is contained in a slightly different form in Article 14, paragraph 3, of the Covenant (“to be tried in his presence”) and in identical wording in Protocol II, Article 6′ ‘, paragraph 2. The Rapporteur of Committee III noted that it was understood that persistent misconduct by a defendant could justify his removal from the courtroom. This sub-paragraph does not exclude sentencing a defendant in his absence if the law of the State permits judgement in absentia. No prisoner of war may be convicted without having had an opportunity to present his defence and the assistance of a qualified advocate or counsel. […] to have the free assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand or speak the language used in court.” To have the free assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand or speak the language used in court.”
Third, the intervention was carried out by existing PHC staff, minimizing the need to allocate additional resources and enhancing the potential for scaling up. In both survey rounds, trained research staff visited the selected hypertensive patients at home for interviewing and BP, height, and weight measurements. If the person was absent, two further visits were made before choosing a Espinoza De Polay V Peru, Comm. 577 replacement. All participants were interviewed using a closed questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, past and current health problems, anti-hypertensive pharmacological treatment, and treatment adherence. To determine levels of adherence to pharmacological treatment, we applied the four-item medication adherence questionnaire by Morisky et al. .
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Doctors and nurses jointly perform home visits to conduct family and individual risk assessments, which guide preventive actions and define the schedules of follow-up consultations for each family member. Together with community representatives, they conduct an annual assessment of the local health situation and establish a plan for priority health-related activities. In terms of management, the authors should be clear in recommending whether a maximum size or a minimum size is a better strategy–the https://bookkeeping-reviews.com/ discussion seems to make points on both sides of this argument. Also, what is the status of implementation and enforcement in Peruvian fisheries? Finally, since the authors claim that shark finning is not practiced because sharks are utilized for their meat, it is not clear why a shark finning ban is recommended as a management priority. It seems under current circumstances in Peru that recommending catch limits might be a more effective way of controlling shark mortality within sustainable limits.
It was signaled as an early example of significant success in controlling hypertension and, at the same time, put forward as an appropriate setting to study the potential of resource-constrained health systems in improving hypertension treatment and control . Indeed, the Cuban health system still faces significant challenges in comprehensively addressing non-communicable disease prevention and control. Despite free and universal health services, there are utilization and supply gaps, and there is scope for tweaking the quality of care . Entitled “to be informed promptly and in detail in a language which he understands of the nature and cause of the charge against him”. Article 6 of the European Convention is similarly worded, while, according to article 8 of the American Convention on Human Rights, the accused is entitled to “prior notification in detail … The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights contains no express provision guaranteeing the right to be informed of criminal charges against oneself.
Figure 1. Temporal dynamics of shark landings and international trade in Peru and regional contribution.
As regards the first approach, the Court notes that the applicant is pleased to pay tribute to Mr. Van de Walle’s personal impartiality; it does not itself have any cause for doubt on this score and indeed personal impartiality is to be presumed until there is proof to the contrary (see the Le Compte, Van Leuven and De Meyere judgment of 23 June 1981, Series A no. 43, p. 25, § 58). P.17. Evidence of denial of the right to have judgment pronounced publicly. P.11. Evidence of violation of the principle of individual criminal responsibility. P.1.1. Evidence of denial of the general right of access to a court. When on the society site, please use the credentials provided by that society.
- It should again be recalled that this section will not provide an exhaustive account of the rights guaranteed during criminal investigations, but will focus only on some of the basic rights which must be protected at this important stage.
- The low values for the slope and correlation coefficients were observed when investigating the influence of El Nino Southern Oscillation on shark landings.
- Judges, prosecutors and lawyers must be particularly alert for any sign of torture or ill-treatment of women and children in custody.
- For example, in Tumbes- northern Peru- the pelagic coastal fishery mainly targets Pacific harvestfish but neonates and juvenile hammerhead sharks are frequently caught; and for the benthic coastal fishery the main target is hake but humpback smoothhounds are caught.